Abstract Casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) complexes are anticariogenic and capable of remineralizing the early stages of enamel lesions. The use of fluoride prevents dental decay and the association of CPP-ACP with fluoride can increase remineralization. Objective: To evaluate the effect of CPP-ACP and CPP-ACPF creams associated with a fluoride dentifrice to prevent enamel demineralization in a pH cyclic model. Material and Methods: Previously selected by surface microhardness (SH) analysis, human enamel blocks (n = 56) were submitted to daily treatment with dentifrice in a pH-cycling model. The enamel blocks were divided into four groups; G1: Crest™ Cavity Protection - Procter & Gamble (1,100 ppmF of NaF); G2: Crest™ +MI Paste (MP) - Recaldent™ GC Corporation Tokyo, Japan); G3: Crest™ + MI Paste Plus (MPP) - Recaldent™ 900 ppm as NaF, GC Corporation Tokyo, Japan), and G4: control, saliva. Specimens were soaked alternatively in a demineralizing solution and in artificial saliva for 5 d. The fluoride dentifrice, with proportion of 1:3 (w/w), was applied three times for 60 s after the remineralization period. The undiluted MP and MPP creams were applied for 3 m/d. After cycling, SH was re-measured and cross section microhardness measurements were taken. Results: The SH values observed for the groups G3 (257±70), G1 (205±70), and G2 (208±84) differed from the G4 group (98±110) (one-way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test). There were no differences between the groups G1xG2, G2xG3, and G1xG3 for demineralization inhibition. The percentage of volume mineral showed that, when applied with fluoride dentifrice, MPP was the most effective in preventing enamel demineralization at 50 µ from the outer enamel surface (Kruskal-Wallis and Mann Whitney p<0.05). Conclusion: Fluoride dentifrice associated with CPP-ACPF inhibited subsurface enamel demineralization.

Abstract: The study aimed to investigate the effects of bacterial biofilms on changes in the surface microhardness of enamel treated with casein phosphopeptide—amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) with and without fluoride. Human enamel blocks with incipient caries-like lesions were divided into four groups of 13: G1: Saliva (Control); G2: fluoride dentifrice (Crest™, 1100 ppm as NaF); G3: CPP-ACP (MI Paste; Recaldent™); and G4: CPP-ACPF (MI Paste Plus; Recaldent™ 900 ppm as NaF). The specimens were soaked in demineralizing solution for 6 h and remineralized in artificial saliva for 18 h alternately for 10 days. The dentifrice was prepared with deionized water in a 1 : 3 ratio (w/w) or applied undiluted in the case of the CPP-ACP group. The surface microhardness (SMH) was evaluated at baseline, after artificial caries, after pH cycling and treatment with dentifrices, and after incubation in media with Streptococcus mutans for biofilm formation. The biofilms were exposed once a day to 2% sucrose and the biofilm viability was measured by MTT reduction. The percentage of change in surface microhardness (%SMHC) was calculated for each block. The data were analyzed by nonparametric test comparisons (α = 0.05). The %SMHC values observed in G2 were different from those of G1, G3, and G4 (p < 0.05). After biofilm formation, %SMHC was positive in G2 and G4 when compared to G1 and G3, but resistance to demineralization after biofilm formation was similar in all groups. In conclusion, the presence of biofilms did not influence the treatment outcomes of anticaries products.

O estudo abrangeu a identificação das anomalias dentárias mais freqüentes observadas através da análise radiográfica de 324 pacientes (04-12 anos), de ambos os sexos, atendidos na FO-UFF entre 1992 e 1996, relacionando-as com sexo, localização, tipo de tratamento realizado e complicações associadas. Uma prevalência de 11,4% foi observada, afetando crianças de 08 a 11 anos, sem diferença entre os sexos. A anomalia de número foi a mais encontrada (6,5%), com a região ântero-superior concentrando a maioria dos casos (46%). As complicações associadas mais comuns foram impactação (41%), perda de espaço (36%), giroversão (18%) e desvio do trajeto eruptivo (5%). A maior porcentagem dos casos foi tratada cirurgicamente com posterior tratamento ortodôntico (48,7%). Enfatiza-se a importância do uso da radiografia no diagnóstico precoce dessas anomalias em crianças.

This study embraced the identification of the most frequent dental anomalies observed by X-ray analysis of 324 patients (04-12 years old), of both sexes, treated at the Fluminense Federal University, School of Dentistry, between 1992 and 1996, related with: sex, site of occurrence, treatment, and clinical complications. A prevalence of 11.4% was found, affecting 08 to 11 year-old children, with no difference between sexes. Anomaly of number was the mostly observed type (6.5%). The great majority of cases (46%) were in the premaxillary region. The most common clinical complications were: tooth impaction (41%), loss of space (36%), inverted teeth (18%), and atypical paths of eruption (5%). Surgical intervention followed by orthodontic treatment was the mostly recommended treatment (48.7%). The importance of X-ray use on the early diagnosis of these anomalies in children is stressed.